Having regained Tolosa, the proconsul Quintus Servilius Caepio adopted a defensive strategy, waiting to see if the Cimbri would move toward Roman territories again. An ambush of Roman troops and the temporary rebellion of the town of Tolosa caused Roman troops to mobilize in the area, with three strong forces. The migrations of the Cimbri tribe through Gaul and adjacent territories had disturbed the balance of power and incited or provoked other tribes, such as the Helvetii, into conflict with the Romans. In numbers of losses, this battle is regarded as the worst defeat in the history of ancient Rome. Roman losses are described as being up to 80,000 troops, as well as another 40,000 auxiliary troops (allies) and servants and camp followers - virtually all of their participants in the battle. Beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire, Rome's control rapidly expanded during this period - from the city's immediate surroundings to hegemony over the entire Mediterranean world. The terrible defeat gave Gaius Marius the opportunity to come to the fore and radically reform the organization and recruitment of Roman The Roman Republic was a form of government of Rome and the era of the classical Roman civilization when it was run through public representation of the Roman people. However, bitter differences between the commanders prevented the Roman armies from cooperating, with devastating results. Ranged against the migratory tribes of the Cimbri under Boiorix and the Teutoni under Teutobod were two Roman armies, commanded by the proconsul Quintus Servilius Caepio and consul Gnaeus Mallius Maximus. *The Castle of the Prince of Orange, razed to the late seventeenth century by order of Louis XIV.The Battle of Arausio took place on 6 October 105 BC, at a site between the town of Arausio (modern day Orange, Vaucluse) and the Rhône River. Roman rampart and cemeteries: a Roman gatehouse was discovered on the site of the present cemetery. Weapons and captives seem eternal trophies carved in stone recalling the permanence of Rome triumphant domination exerted on the peoples of the region. On the north and south sides, Celtic weapons of the period of independence appear as hung on a wall fan, on its east and west sides, the Celts are represented chained. It is a very solid three doorway whose decor evokes the omnipotence of Rome building. The Arc of Orange erected north of the city, 70 meters high at the north of the wall. 9000 spectators could attend tragedies, comedies but also to dance, acrobatics and juggling. Designed to accommodate the Gallo-Roman public, it was a place for the dissemination of culture and the Roman language. It has all the components of the Latin Theatre by Vitruvius: the cavea (semicircular tiers), side access and stage wall flanked parascenia. Built at the beginning of the Christian era, it owes its reputation to the remarkable preservation of its stage wall. Orange became an independent county in the 11th century and later passed to the House of Nassau.Įxceptional witness of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, the ancient theater of Orange is the best preserved in Europe. This because the Church opposed what it regarded as uncivilized spectacles. As the Roman Empire declined during the 4th century, by which time Christianity had become the official religion, the theatre was closed by official edict in 391 AD. The amphitheatre, probably built during the reign of Augustus (27 BC), is the best preserved of its kind. It is a fact that one of the great Roman roads, the “Via Agrippa”, connecting Lyon to Arles, passed on the land, close to the Rhône, between Châteauneuf, Sorgues and Orange.Īrausio expanded around the existing Roman remnants for which this area is famous. These include clay, glass, bronze and iron objects, as well are bones, jewelry and coins in bronze, which were found in a vineyard in Châteauneuf in the lieu-dit Bois Sénéchal (in the eastern sector). Various objects from Roman times have been discovered in this area. Thus Orange hosted the veterans of the Second Legion who also settled in the territories of Mondragon, Uchaux and in the hills of Châteauneuf. In recognition of service, veterans received plots of land. During the Roman Empire, 120 BC to AD 476, the village farms, and large rural holdings increased. Orange was the capital of a wide area of northern Provence, which was parceled up into lots for the Roman colonists. A major battle, which is known as the Battle of Arausio, was fought in 105 BC between two Roman armies and the Cimbri and Teutones tribes. Previous Celtic settlements existed in and around Orange.
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